Misconduct

Misconduct

Research and publication misconduct are taken seriously. We follow established procedures to investigate and address any suspected misconduct.

Forms of Misconduct

• Plagiarism and self-plagiarism
• Fabrication or falsification of data
• Duplicate or overlapping publication
• Improper authorship attribution
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest

Investigation Process

Concerns are reviewed confidentially. Where misconduct is confirmed, appropriate actions are taken, which may include correction, retraction, or notifying relevant institutions.