Corrections & Retractions

Corrections & Retractions

We are committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. Errors and concerns are addressed transparently through corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions.

Corrections

Minor errors that do not affect the integrity of the work are corrected through an erratum or corrigendum, clearly linked to the original article.

Expressions of Concern

Where there is uncertainty about the validity of a publication, an expression of concern may be issued while an investigation is conducted.

Retractions

When findings are no longer considered reliable, the article is retracted. The retraction notice explains the reason and is linked to the original publication.